MICROPROCESSOR
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit chip that contains all of the essential components for the central processing unit (CPU) of a microcomputer system.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Ans: Cache memory It is a special high-speed memory that allows a microprocessor
to access data more rapidly than from memory located elsewhere
on the system board.
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Ans: There are four main types of secondary storage devices
available in a computer system:
Disk drives
CD drives (CD-R, CD-RW, and DVD)
Tape drives
USB flash drives view more..
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Ans: Secondary Memory And Secondary Storage Devices view more..
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Ans: A microprocessor is an integrated circuit chip that contains all of
the essential components for the central processing unit (CPU) of a
microcomputer system.
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Ans: 1’s complement A number system that was used in some computers
to represent negative numbers. To form 1s complement of a number,
each bit of the number is inverted which means zeros are replaced with
ones and ones with zero. view more..
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Ans: 1’s complement A number system that was used in some computers
to represent negative numbers. To form 1s complement of a number,
each bit of the number is inverted which means zeros are replaced with
ones and ones with zero. view more..
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Ans: 2’s complement A number formed by adding 1 to the 1’s compliment
of a number. The 2’s complement representation has become the standard
method of storing signed binary integers. It allows the representation
of an n-bit number in the range – 2n to 2n-1, and has the significant
advantage of only having one encoding for 0.
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Ans: A Boolean or logic expression is a logic variable or a number
of logic variables involved with one another through the
logical operations ‘.’, ‘+’, and ‘–’. view more..
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Ans: The AND gate is an electronic circuit that has two or more
inputs and only one output. It gives a HIGH output (1) only
if all its inputs are HIGH. view more..
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Ans: The OR gate is an electronic circuit that has two or more
inputs and only one output. It gives a HIGH output if one or
more of its inputs are HIGH. view more..
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Ans: NOT GATE also called INVERTER.The inverter is a little different from AND and OR gates as
it has only one input and one output. Whatever logic state
is applied to the input, the opposite state will appear at the
output.
The NOT function is denoted by a horizontal bar over the
value to be inverted. view more..
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Ans: The Exclusive-OR or XOR gate is a two-input circuit that will
give a HIGH output if either, but not both, of the inputs are
HIGH. The XOR function is an interesting and useful variation of
the basic OR function. Its function can be stated as ‘Either A
or B, but not both’. The XOR gate produces a logic 1 output
only if the two inputs are different. If the inputs are the same,
the output is a logic 0. XOR is also called an anti-coincidence
gate or inequality detector. view more..
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Ans: The Exclusive-NOR gate is a XOR gate followed by a NOT
gate. XNOR gate is a two-input and one-output logic gate
circuit. In the gate, the output is HIGH if both inputs are either
LOW or HIGH view more..
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Ans: A programming language can be defined formally as an
artificial formalism in which algorithms can be expressed. It is
composed of a set of instructions in a language understandable
to the programmer and recognizable by a computer. Computer
languages have been continuing to grow and evolve since the
1940’s. Assembly language was the normal choice for writing
system software like operating systems, etc. But, C has
been used to develop system software since its emergence.
The UNIX operating system and its descendants are mostly
written in C. Application programs are designed for specific
computer applications. Most programming languages are
designed to be good for one category of applications but not
necessarily for the other. For an instance, COBOL is more
suitable for business applications whereas FORTRAN is
more suitable for scientific applications. view more..
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Ans: A program, written in source language, is translated by the
compiler to produce a program in a target language. The
source language is usually a high-level language. The target
language may or not necessarily be machine language. In most
cases, the target language is assembly language, and in which
case, the target program must be translated by an assembler
into an object program. Then the object program is linked with
other object programs to build an executable program, which
is normally saved in a specified location of the secondary
memory. When it is needed to be executed, the executable
file is loaded into main memory before its execution. The
whole process is managed, coordinated and controlled by the
underlying operating system. Sometimes the target language
may be a language other than machine or assembly language,
in which case a translator for that language must be used to
obtain an executable object program. view more..
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Ans: Lexical analysis In this phase, the source program is
scanned for lexical units (known as tokens) namely, identifier,
operator delimiter, etc. and classify them according to their
types. A table, called symbol table, is constructed to record
the type and attributes information of each user-defined name
used in the program. This table is accessed in the other phases
of compilation. view more..
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Ans: Syntax analysis In this phase, tokens are conflated into
syntactic units such as expressions, statements, etc. that must
conform to the syntax rules of the programming language. This process is known as parsing. Syntax is similar to the
grammar of a language. Syntax rules specify the way in which
valid syntactic elements are combined to form the statements
of the language. Syntax rules are often described using a
notation known as BNF (Backus Naur Form) grammar. view more..
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Ans: Semantic analysis :The semantics of a statement in a
programming language define what will happen when that
statement is executed. Semantic rules assign meanings to
valid statements of the language. In the semantic analysis
phase, the parsed statements are analysed further to make
sure that the operators and operands do not violate source
language specification. view more..
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