Register Transfer -2
control function:
where P is a control signal generated in the control section. It is sometimes convenient to separate the control variables from the register transfer operation by specifying a control function.A control function is a Boolean variable that is equal to 1 or 0. The control function is included in the statement as follows:
P: R2 <-- R1
The control condition is terminated with a colon. It symbolizes the requirement that the transfer operation be executed by the hardware only if P = 1.
Every statement written in a register transfer notation implies a hardware construction for implementing the transfer. Figure 4-2 shows the block diagram that depicts the transfer from R1 to R2. The n outputs of register R1 are connected to the n inputs of register R2. The letter n will be used to indicate any number of bits for the register. It will be replaced by an actual number when the length of the register is known. Register R2 has a load input that is activated by the control variable P. It is assumed that the control variable is synchronized with the same clock as the one applied to the register. As shown in the timing diagram, P is activated in the control section by the rising edge of a clock pulse at time t. The next positive transition of the clock at time t + 1 finds the load input active and the data inputs of R2 are then loaded into the register in parallel. P may go back to 0 at time t + 1; otherwise, the transfer will occur with every clock pulse transition while P remains active.
Note that the clock is not included as a variable in the register transfer statements. It is assumed that all transfers occur during a clock edge transition. Even though the control condition such as P becomes active just after time t, the actual transfer does not occur until the register is triggered by the next positive transition of the clock at time t + 1.
The basic symbols of the register transfer notation are listed in Table 4-1 . Registers are denoted by capital letters, and numerals may follow the letters. Parentheses are used to denote a part of a register by specifying the range of bits or by giving a symbol name to a portion of a register. The arrow denotes a transfer of information and the direction of transfer. A comma is used to separate two or more operations that are executed at the same time. The statement
T: R2 +- R1, R1 +- R2
denotes an operation that exchanges the contents of two registers during one common clock pulse provided that T = 1. This simultaneous operation is possible with registers that have edge-triggered flip-flops.
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