Python provides various options for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Most important are listed below.
Tkinter − Tkinter is the Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python. We would look this option in this chapter.
wxPython − This is an open-source Python interface for wxWindows http://wxpython.org.
JPython − JPython is a Python port for Java which gives Python scripts seamless access to Java class libraries on the local machine http://www.jython.org.
There are many other interfaces available, which you can find them on the net.
Tkinter Programming
Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. Python when combined with Tkinter provides a fast and easy way to create GUI applications. Tkinter provides a powerful object-oriented interface to the Tk GUI toolkit.
Creating a GUI application using Tkinter is an easy task. All you need to do is perform the following steps −
Import the Tkinter module.
Create the GUI application main window.
Add one or more of the above-mentioned widgets to the GUI application.
Enter the main event loop to take action against each event triggered by the user.
Example
#!/usr/bin/python
import tkinter
top = tkinter.Tk()
# Code to add widgets will go here...
top.mainloop()
This would create a following window −
Tkinter Widgets
Tkinter provides various controls, such as buttons, labels and text boxes used in a GUI application. These controls are commonly called widgets.
There are currently 15 types of widgets in Tkinter. We present these widgets as well as a brief description in the following table −
All Tkinter widgets have access to specific geometry management methods, which have the purpose of organizing widgets throughout the parent widget area. Tkinter exposes the following geometry manager classes: pack, grid, and place.
The pack() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets in blocks before placing them in the parent widget.
The grid() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets in a table-like structure in the parent widget.
The place() Method − This geometry manager organizes widgets by placing them in a specific position in the parent widget.
Let us study the geometry management methods briefly −
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